In a comparative study the size dependency of BBB uptake and permeability was investigated for nanoparticles from 50 to 500 nm of various composition (polystryrene, protein, lipid) on a human culture BBB model in which transferrin nanocarriers with 500 nm diameter showed the most successful BBB penetration [61]
Individuals on medications that may stress liver function
That means conclusions about people cannot be drawn from animal data, and any claims of proven human benefit would be getting ahead of the science
Simon SL, McWhirter L, Diniz Behn C, et al
The mechanisms behind this upregulation appear to involve: Activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which controls the expression of various antioxidant enzymes including GR Modulation of cellular signaling cascades that respond to redox status Alteration of mitochondrial metabolism, influencing NADPH availability for GR activity Reduction of inflammatory signaling that can suppress antioxidant enzyme expression These effects suggest that hydrogen water may provide a "hormetic" stimulusa mild oxidative challenge that triggers beneficial adaptive responses in cellular antioxidant systems