Common side effects include: Injection site reactions mild pain, redness, swelling, or bruising at the injection site, typically resolving within a few days Headache usually transient and manageable with standard analgesia Nausea or dizziness particularly in the initial treatment phase Skin reactions including itching, mild rash, or acneiform eruptions Temporary urine discolouration red or orange urine is harmless and expected Diarrhoea or flushing usually mild and self-limiting In patients with severe megaloblastic anaemia, low potassium levels (hypokalaemia) may occur during initial intensive treatment, but this is uncommon in routine maintenance therapy
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Tani, K., Mizoguchi, T., Iwamatsu, A., Hatsuzawa, K
Hydroxocobalamin may also be given intravenously in certain scenarios (for example, 5 g IV for acute cyanide poisoning antidote therapy), but such high-dose use is in emergency settings and distinct from routine deficiency treatment
Vitamin B12 is key for making red blood cells and keeping the nervous system working right